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Average Ethereum gas fee declines by 95% within a year after Dencun upgrade The average gas fee on the Ethereum $ETH network has declined by 95% within one year after the Dencun upgrade, according to Cointelegraph. Data from Etherscan shows that compared to last year's $86, users only need to pay around $0.39 now in fees for an average swap.

The Bolivian government authorized the national oil company to use crypto to buy oil and gas. 🇧🇴 ⛽

Bolivia is taking a radical step to combat a severe dollar shortage. The state-run energy company, Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos (YPFB), is switching to crypto to pay for fuel imports. This bold decision aims to keep fuel subsidies afloat and ensure a stable supply of gasoline and diesel. But the bigger question is: could this signal a wider trend? Bolivia’s foreign currency reserves have dried up, largely due to a sharp decline in natural gas exports. The nation, once a regional energy powerhouse, now depends on imported fuel. Importing that fuel, however, has become a nightmare. The central bank is struggling to maintain its currency reserves, causing fuel shortages, long lines at gas stations, and growing public unrest. Desperate for a solution, the Bolivian government has authorized the use of digital assets for international transactions. YPFB has put a system in place to make cryptocurrency-based payments for energy imports. While no transactions have occurred yet, officials confirm preparations are underway. This unorthodox approach could provide temporary relief, allowing fuel imports to continue despite the lack of hard currency. Related: Bolivian Central Bank Reverses Crypto Ban, Opens Door for Financial Innovation To make matters worse, Bolivia’s government has also cut fuel subsidies. These subsidies, long a cornerstone of economic policy, have become unsustainable. The cuts primarily affect industries like gold mining and agribusiness, though everyday consumers are spared – for now . This decision has infuriated key economic sectors, particularly agriculture. With the summer harvest on the horizon, farmers worry about fuel shortages crippling production and transportation. The National Chamber of Industries has also warned of potential food supply chain disruptions, threatening to worsen economic instability. Related: Sunnyvale Public Safety Officers’ Association Adds Bitcoin to Balance Sheet To prevent fuel smuggling and unauthorized use, the government is deploying the military to oversee fuel distribution. This heavy-handed approach has only fueled frustration among affected groups. Protests and blockades have already started. Gold mining cooperatives are also planning a meeting to discuss the impact, potentially sparking further demonstrations. YPFB insists it can still supply 60% of the country’s fuel demand. However, officials acknowledge the need for a broader, long-term strategy. The government is racing to create a plan to stabilize the fuel market. Meanwhile, reliance on cryptocurrency transactions could provide a short-term fix, but its long-term viability as a sustainable payment method remains highly questionable. For crypto investors, Bolivia’s gamble could be a sign of things to come – or a cautionary reminder. Disclaimer: The information presented in this article is for informational and educational purposes only. The article does not constitute financial advice or advice of any kind. Coin Edition is not responsible for any losses incurred as a result of the utilization of content, products, or services mentioned. Readers are advised to exercise caution before taking any action related to the company.

The Impact of Climate Change on Global Food Systems: A Review of the Evidence__ Climate change is having a profound impact on global food systems, affecting agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the impact of climate change on global food systems. # Introduction Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, with far-reaching consequences for global food systems (IPCC, 2013). Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are all affecting agricultural productivity and food security (FAO, 2016). # Impact on Agricultural Productivity Climate change is affecting agricultural productivity in several ways: 1. *Temperature Increases*: Rising temperatures are altering growing seasons, reducing crop yields, and changing the distribution of pests and diseases (Lobell et al., 2011). 2. *Changing Precipitation Patterns*: Changes in precipitation patterns are affecting soil moisture, leading to droughts and floods that can devastate crops (IPCC, 2013). 3. *Increased Frequency of Extreme Weather Events*: Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall, are becoming more frequent and intense, damaging crops and infrastructure (Munich Re, 2019). # Impact on Food Security Climate change is also affecting food security, particularly for vulnerable populations: 1. *Reduced Access to Food*: Climate-related shocks, such as droughts and floods, can reduce access to food, particularly for poor and marginalized communities (FAO, 2016). 2. *Increased Food Prices*: Climate-related shocks can also lead to increased food prices, making it harder for people to access nutritious food (World Bank, 2019). 3. *Malnutrition and Health Impacts*: Climate change can also lead to malnutrition and health impacts, particularly for children and pregnant women (WHO, 2018). # Conclusion Climate change is having a profound impact on global food systems, affecting agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. Urgent action is needed to address these impacts and ensure a sustainable food future. # Recommendations 1. *Support Climate-Smart Agriculture*: Support climate-smart agriculture practices that promote sustainable agriculture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (FAO, 2016). 2. *Improve Climate Risk Management*: Improve climate risk management practices to reduce the impacts of climate-related shocks on food systems (IPCC, 2013). 3. *Promote Sustainable Diets*: Promote sustainable diets that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote human health (WHO, 2018). 4. *Support Climate Change Research and Development*: Support climate change research and development to improve our understanding of the impacts of climate change on food systems and to develop effective solutions (World Bank, 2019). # References: FAO (2016). The impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security. IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Lobell, D. B., Schlenker, W., & Costa-Roberts, J. (2011). Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science, 333(6042), 616-620. Munich Re (2019). Natural disasters 2018: Extreme weather events dominate. WHO (2018). Quantifying the health benefits of climate change mitigation. World Health Organization. World Bank (2019). High and dry: climate change, water, and the economy. World Bank.

Climate change is having a profound impact on global food systems, affecting agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. This review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge on the impact of climate change on global food systems. # Introduction Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, with far-reaching consequences for global food systems (IPCC, 2013). Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events are all affecting agricultural productivity and food security (FAO, 2016). # Impact on Agricultural Productivity Climate change is affecting agricultural productivity in several ways: 1. *Temperature Increases*: Rising temperatures are altering growing seasons, reducing crop yields, and changing the distribution of pests and diseases (Lobell et al., 2011). 2. *Changing Precipitation Patterns*: Changes in precipitation patterns are affecting soil moisture, leading to droughts and floods that can devastate crops (IPCC, 2013). 3. *Increased Frequency of Extreme Weather Events*: Extreme weather events, such as heatwaves and heavy rainfall, are becoming more frequent and intense, damaging crops and infrastructure (Munich Re, 2019). # Impact on Food Security Climate change is also affecting food security, particularly for vulnerable populations: 1. *Reduced Access to Food*: Climate-related shocks, such as droughts and floods, can reduce access to food, particularly for poor and marginalized communities (FAO, 2016). 2. *Increased Food Prices*: Climate-related shocks can also lead to increased food prices, making it harder for people to access nutritious food (World Bank, 2019). 3. *Malnutrition and Health Impacts*: Climate change can also lead to malnutrition and health impacts, particularly for children and pregnant women (WHO, 2018). # Conclusion Climate change is having a profound impact on global food systems, affecting agricultural productivity, food security, and human health. Urgent action is needed to address these impacts and ensure a sustainable food future. # Recommendations 1. *Support Climate-Smart Agriculture*: Support climate-smart agriculture practices that promote sustainable agriculture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (FAO, 2016). 2. *Improve Climate Risk Management*: Improve climate risk management practices to reduce the impacts of climate-related shocks on food systems (IPCC, 2013). 3. *Promote Sustainable Diets*: Promote sustainable diets that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote human health (WHO, 2018). 4. *Support Climate Change Research and Development*: Support climate change research and development to improve our understanding of the impacts of climate change on food systems and to develop effective solutions (World Bank, 2019). # References: FAO (2016). The impacts of climate change on agriculture and food security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. IPCC (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Lobell, D. B., Schlenker, W., & Costa-Roberts, J. (2011). Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science, 333(6042), 616-620. Munich Re (2019). Natural disasters 2018: Extreme weather events dominate. WHO (2018). Quantifying the health benefits of climate change mitigation. World Health Organization. World Bank (2019). High and dry: climate change, water, and the economy. World Bank.